Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and debilitating form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects an estimated 5-8% of menstruating women. PMDD is characterised by a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, typically in the days leading up to a woman's period.

Symptoms of PMDD include:

• Severe depression, anxiety, and irritability
• Loss of interest in activities
• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Physical symptoms such as bloating, breast tenderness, and headaches
• A feeling of being out of control
• Suicidal thoughts or ideation

PMDD is a serious condition that can greatly impact a woman's quality of life. It can cause problems with work, school, relationships, and daily functioning.

There are several treatment options for PMDD, including medication and therapy. Medications commonly used to treat PMDD include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine. These medications can help to regulate the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms.

Hormonal therapy is another treatment option for PMDD. Birth control pills, such as those containing drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol, have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms of PMDD. The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can also help to reduce symptoms.

Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), can also be helpful in managing PMDD. CBT can help women to identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours that may be contributing to their symptoms.

For those with severe PMDD symptoms, the best treatment may be a combination of medication and therapy. It's important for women to work closely with their healthcare provider to find the treatment that works best for them.

It's also important to note that there is a similar disorder called post-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is characterized by symptoms that occur after the menstrual period is over.

In conclusion, PMDD is a severe form of PMS that affects an estimated 5-8% of menstruating women. It can cause a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms that can greatly impact a woman's quality of life. There are several treatment options available, including medication, hormonal therapy, and therapy, and it's important for women to work closely with their healthcare provider to find the best treatment plan. With the right treatment, women with PMDD can manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.